The dataset ‘Rainfall Associated with Flood Fatalities in the Euro-Mediterranean Region (1980–2020)’ links rainfall extracted from the MSWEP database to flood fatalities recorded in FFEM-DB. The FFEM-DB provides detailed information on each fatality, including geographical locations. The dataset includes rolling maximum precipitation values for multiple durations (3h, 6h, 12h, 24h, and 48h) and daily rainfall (5-day window) at each FF location, allowing for a detailed assessment of rainfall intensity leading to fatal flood events. A relevant study is under evaluation for publication in a peer-reviewed journal. The pre-printed version is available at https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-5923384/v1.